Second Level Thinking

Ideas to help you see things differently.

Every fortnight I share one idea from my own work and reading on leadership, decision-making and performance. Free, straight to your inbox.

Think one level deeper →

Latest issue

Explore by topic.

All articles.

No articles match that search yet. Try another word or category.

© Copyright 2026 Andrew Hosken. All rights reserved.

Website & Funnels joyfully crafted by Joyful Digital Co.

Protocols Over Willpower

Protocols Over Willpower

Published on: 06/11/2026

Issue 54: What Andrew Huberman's Protocols gets right about light, sleep, focus and stress, and the five changes with the biggest return on effort.

The Taste Premium

The Taste Premium

Published on: 15/10/2026

Issue 53: As AI makes competent work free, knowing what’s worth doing becomes the most valuable human skill. Here’s why, and how to build it.

The Doomer’s Dividend

The Doomer’s Dividend

Published on: 24/09/2026

Issue 52: AI labs warn of catastrophe and ask to slow the race. Follow the incentives, and the push for safety starts to look like regulatory capture.

Your Only Real Opponent

Your Only Real Opponent

Published on: 03/09/2026

Issue 51: The fiercest competition happens inside your own head. What Timothy Gallwey’s Inner Game teaches us about performing under pressure.

The Last Human Edge

The Last Human Edge

Published on: 13/08/2026

Issue 50: As AI makes execution cheap, the quality of your decisions becomes your last real edge. Annie Duke’s thinking in bets, sharpened.

The Empire Trap

The Empire Trap

Published on: 23/07/2026

Issue 49: We’ve long measured executives by the size of the army they command. AI is breaking that proxy. Here’s what replaces it.

Master of None

Master of None

Published on: 02/07/2026

Issue 48: Too many interests isn’t the liability you’ve been told. Why range, not narrow focus, tends to win in a complex, unpredictable world.

Oh, Australia

Oh, Australia

Published on: 11/06/2026

Issue 47: The AI boom has split the world into two economies. Why Australia sits on the wrong side, and the policy choices keeping us there.

Compute’s 1983 Moment

Compute’s 1983 Moment

Published on: 21/05/2026

Issue 46: CME is launching compute futures. The real question is who controls the benchmark underneath, and four camps are fighting for it.

Elon’s Operating System

Elon’s Operating System

Published on: 01/05/2026

Issue 45: Two new books on Elon Musk reveal the five-step algorithm behind his companies, and how to apply it to your own business and life.

None of It Matters

None of It Matters

Published on: 08/04/2026

Issue 44: Chamath Palihapitiya on holding ambition and contentment at once, curiosity as an edge, and splitting decisions into two portfolios.

Design Your Inputs, Don’t Leave Your Outcomes to Chance

Design Your Inputs, Don’t Leave Your Outcomes to Chance

Published on: 19/03/2026

Issue 43: How the architecture of your morning shapes everything that follows, and Arthur Brooks’ framework for what happiness actually is.

Building the Future By Thinking For Yourself

Building the Future By Thinking For Yourself

Published on: 26/02/2026

Issue 42: Lessons from Peter Thiel’s Zero to One on competition, definite optimism, secrets and the power law, and why thinking for yourself matters.

The Trajectory of Systems: Are You Priming for Success?

The Trajectory of Systems: Are You Priming for Success?

Published on: 05/02/2026

Issue 41: Habits revisited. Why your baseline, trajectory and identity matter more than the finish line, with practical tools to build systems that stick.

The Forces Shaping Markets This Year

The Forces Shaping Markets This Year

Published on: 15/01/2026

Issue 40: A macroeconomic and markets outlook for 2026, from growth, inflation and policy to AI, stocks, bonds, crypto, commodities and the key risks.

Why Your New Year’s Resolutions are Built to Fail

Why Your New Year’s Resolutions are Built to Fail

Published on: 04/12/2025

Issue 39: A better way to plan. End-of-year review frameworks, the annual planning templates I use, and a 90-day sprint to replace resolutions.

The Masquerade of Intellectual Work

The Masquerade of Intellectual Work

Published on: 13/11/2025

Issue 38: Why consumption feels like progress, and a field manual for converting learning into action and reclaiming your agency.

Stop Hiring “B” Players: The Radical Power of 50x Talent

Stop Hiring “B” Players: The Radical Power of 50x Talent

Published on: 23/10/2025

Issue 37: Your leadership is limited by the room you build. How to find, lead and leverage people who shatter the standard performance curve.

Complexity is Procrastination in Disguise

Complexity is Procrastination in Disguise

Published on: 02/10/2025

Issue 36: Why the simplest path is usually the most effective, and how to build a bias to action instead of letting the world happen to you.

Growth is Vanity, Cash Flow is Sanity

Growth is Vanity, Cash Flow is Sanity

Published on: 10/09/2025

Issue 35: Navigating the tension between expansion and insolvency. How to master COGS, burn rate and runway, with simple tools to stay afloat.

How to Lower the Cost of Being Wrong

How to Lower the Cost of Being Wrong

Published on: 21/08/2025

Issue 34: Lessons from Steve Jobs’ signal-to-noise ratio. Why the best leaders protect the few tasks that matter and build systems that survive bad calls.

The Return to Agency: How to Reclaim Your Power

The Return to Agency: How to Reclaim Your Power

Published on: 30/07/2025

Issue 33: Why what really matters is the incremental improvement of your position. Stop letting the world happen to you and start shaping it.

Environment Design vs. Willpower

Environment Design vs. Willpower

Published on: 10/07/2025

Issue 32: Why your surroundings are the "invisible hand" shaping your success. Learn to stop fighting the moment and start leveraging your space.

The Stoic’s Guide to Essentialism

The Stoic’s Guide to Essentialism

Published on: 19/06/2025

Issue 31: How the four virtues of Stoicism provide the foundation for high performance. Why the best leaders focus on patterns rather than symptoms.

Why Your "Mental Accounts" Are Costing You Money

Why Your "Mental Accounts" Are Costing You Money

Published on: 29/05/2025

Issue 30: Examining the sunk cost fallacy and how we organise our lives. Plus, why strategic laziness is a required form of founder discipline.

A New Framework for Money and Success

A New Framework for Money and Success

Published on: 08/05/2025

Issue 29: Shifting your financial relationship and building a personal success engine. Featuring Roger Federer’s radical take on "practicable" talent.

The Naval Framework: Navigating the Path to Success

The Naval Framework: Navigating the Path to Success

Published on: 17/04/2025

Issue 28: Why the best entrepreneurs treat life like a game of leverage. Inside: the Build vs. Buy debate and why ability alone is never enough.

Is Your School Choice Based on Data or Personality?

Is Your School Choice Based on Data or Personality?

Published on: 03/04/2025

Issue 27: The co-ed vs. single-gender school debate, why we struggle to decide, and how probabilistic thinking helps manage the unknown.

Thinking in Bets: The Art of Strategic Decision Making

Thinking in Bets: The Art of Strategic Decision Making

Published on: 20/03/2025

Issue 26: Navigating uncertainty without the fear of being wrong. Why great leadership is about sound process, not lucky breaks, according to Annie Duke.

The Tension Between Who You Are and Who You Love

The Tension Between Who You Are and Who You Love

Published on: 06/03/2025

Issue 25: The internal conflict of growth within relationships, and how to treat your connections as levers to improve your position in the world.

Grit: The Competitive Advantage of High Pain Tolerance

Grit: The Competitive Advantage of High Pain Tolerance

Published on: 20/02/2025

Issue 24: Why your ability to endure discomfort determines your ceiling, and how to use grit to achieve your goals and minimise life's "what-ifs."

Designing a Trading System That Survives Yourself

Designing a Trading System That Survives Yourself

Published on: 06/02/2025

Issue 23: How to build a personalised trading methodology, and why discipline is all that stands between a small error and a total collapse.

Updating Your Model: Markets and Mindsets for 2025

Updating Your Model: Markets and Mindsets for 2025

Published on: 23/01/2025

Issue 22: A guide to the market landscape for 2025, and why Richard Feynman’s approach to un-becoming is the ultimate competitive advantage.

The End-of-Year Toolkit: Reviews, Templates, and Reading

The End-of-Year Toolkit: Reviews, Templates, and Reading

Published on: 12/12/2024

Issue 21: Everything you need to close the year strong, including review and planning templates, a reading list, and why resolutions are a trap.

The Social Media Ban and the War on Attention

The Social Media Ban and the War on Attention

Published on: 28/11/2024

Issue 20: The Australian Government's move to ban social media for under-16s, and why your anxiety is the primary bottleneck for your creativity.

Default to Optimism: Lessons from the Arena

Default to Optimism: Lessons from the Arena

Published on: 14/11/2024

Issue 19: Why Theodore Roosevelt's "Man in the Arena" is the ultimate mindset, the return of Donald Trump, and the power of positive defaults.

How to Hack Your Dopamine for Deep Work

How to Hack Your Dopamine for Deep Work

Published on: 31/10/2024

Issue 18: Using brain chemistry to beat procrastination, plus the psychology of trading and why the best winners optimise for decades, not days.

How to Optimise Your Portfolio and Your Mind

How to Optimise Your Portfolio and Your Mind

Published on: 17/10/2024

Issue 17: Position sizing like a pro with the Kelly Criterion, five essential gratitude practices, and the power of radical self-discipline.

Upgrade Your Thinking: Risk Models and Mental Tools

Upgrade Your Thinking: Risk Models and Mental Tools

Published on: 03/10/2024

Issue 16: Using mental models to navigate uncertainty, Howard Marks on what risk really is, and why cynicism is a liability, not an asset.

Overcoming Paralysis: Fear Setting and Financial Conviction

Overcoming Paralysis: Fear Setting and Financial Conviction

Published on: 19/09/2024

Issue 15: Why Tim Ferriss' fear setting is a prerequisite for action, and how to apply Stanley Druckenmiller's approach to risk in your portfolio.

The Truth About Growth Mindsets and Market Pivots

The Truth About Growth Mindsets and Market Pivots

Published on: 05/09/2024

Issue 14: Debunking growth mindset clichés and the psychology of success avoidance, plus surviving September volatility and the first rate cut.

Have You Outgrown the Person You Used to Be?

Have You Outgrown the Person You Used to Be?

Published on: 22/08/2024

Issue 13: Why your ego is the primary enemy of progress and how to audit your beliefs, plus R-multiples, the metric that matters for your trading system.

Is the US Recession Here?

Is the US Recession Here?

Published on: 08/08/2024

Issue 12: The US recession indicators, the yen carry trade unwind and what drove the selloff, plus Roger Federer on why perfection is impossible.

Winning Tomorrow Starts with the Framework You Build Today

Winning Tomorrow Starts with the Framework You Build Today

Published on: 27/06/2024

Issue 11: Moving beyond corporate speak to create a mission, vision and values that scale, and how to spot where we are in the market cycle.

Principles, Values, and the Death of the 60/40 Portfolio

Principles, Values, and the Death of the 60/40 Portfolio

Published on: 13/06/2024

Issue 10: The crucial difference between principles and values, how to build your own, and whether the traditional 60/40 portfolio is dead.

Finding Purpose and Market Misconceptions

Finding Purpose and Market Misconceptions

Published on: 30/05/2024

Issue 9: Why economic data and public sentiment are miles apart, and a framework for finding purpose when the outside world feels chaotic.

A Goal Setting Framework and Copper Highs

A Goal Setting Framework and Copper Highs

Published on: 16/05/2024

Issue 8: A framework for setting and actually hitting your goals, the copper supply squeeze explained, and why others' success is worth celebrating.

Applying the 80/20 Principle and Gold Highs

Applying the 80/20 Principle and Gold Highs

Published on: 02/05/2024

Issue 7: How to apply the 80/20 principle to your business and life, and what gold's surge to all-time highs tells us about inflation and instability.

Implementing Deliberate Practice and a Strong US Dollar Wreaks Havoc

Implementing Deliberate Practice and a Strong US Dollar Wreaks Havoc

Published on: 18/04/2024

Issue 6: A step-by-step guide to deliberate practice for elite performance, the fallout of a strong US dollar, and one-way versus two-way door decisions.

Breaking Cycles: From Bad Habits to Inflationary Oil

Breaking Cycles: From Bad Habits to Inflationary Oil

Published on: 04/04/2024

Issue 5: A framework for forming good habits and breaking bad ones, and what is driving the current surge in oil and how it ripples through the economy.

Better Decision Making and the New Japan Trade

Better Decision Making and the New Japan Trade

Published on: 21/03/2024

Issue 4: A six-step framework for better decisions, and why global investors are piling into Japan as the Nikkei breaks 40,000.

Deep Logic: Mastering Second-Level Thinking

Deep Logic: Mastering Second-Level Thinking

Published on: 07/03/2024

Issue 3: How to out-think the consensus with second-level thinking, and the second-order impacts of Nvidia, 'the most important stock'.

Deep Work and the Sunset of a Superpower

Deep Work and the Sunset of a Superpower

Published on: 22/02/2024

Issue 2: A framework for deep work and flow, why anxiety is a choice, and what happens when an industrial giant like Germany begins to contract.

Mastering the Day While Markets Shift

Mastering the Day While Markets Shift

Published on: 08/02/2024

Issue 1: Why competence matters less than confidence, a framework for mastering your daily tasks, and what's next for China's struggling economy.